refactor(types): add comprehensive type annotations across backend Python codebase

Enable ANN rules in ruff.toml (flake8-annotations) and resolve all 221 violations:

ANN201/ANN202 — return types on 168 public/private functions:
- All 28 FastAPI routers: endpoints annotated with dict/list/specific schema/
  StreamingResponse/FileResponse/JSONResponse as appropriate
- main.py: lifespan→AsyncGenerator[None,None], exception handlers→JSONResponse
- database.py: get_db→Generator[Session,None,None], proxy methods→correct types
- middleware/request_context.py: dispatch→Response with Callable call_next type

ANN001/ANN002/ANN003 — 32 missing argument types:
- seed_demo.py: all db parameters typed as Session
- domain/unit_of_work.py: __aexit__ exc_type/exc_val/exc_tb typed with TracebackType
- services: audit_service user_id→UUID|None, heatmap_service query/model/builder,
  notification_service test→Test, tempo_service test→Test/user→User,
  test_workflow_service test_id→UUID, campaign_crud **fields→object,
  test_crud **fields→object (4 sites)

ANN401 — 16 Any usages resolved:
- Domain entities (campaign/technique/threat_actor/test_entity): replaced Any with
  actual ORM types via TYPE_CHECKING guards to avoid circular imports
- detection_rule_service: test_id/detection_rule_id/evaluator_id→UUID
- score_cache: kept Any with # noqa: ANN401 (genuinely generic cache)
- jira_service/tempo_service: kept Any with # noqa: ANN401 (lazy optional deps)
- d3fend_import_service: _to_str(v: Any) kept with # noqa: ANN401

ANN204/ANN205/ANN206 — special/static/class methods:
- database.py proxy __call__/__getattr__: *args: object/**kwargs: object
- schemas/test.py model_validate: obj→object, **kwargs→object
- sa_technique_repository._int_type→type

All 439 unit tests pass. ruff check app/ → All checks passed!

backend/app/routers/compliance.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ router = APIRouter(prefix="/compliance", tags=["compliance"])
 def list_frameworks_endpoint(
     db: Session = Depends(get_db),
     current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user),
-):
+) -> list:
     """List all available compliance frameworks."""
     return list_frameworks(db)
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def framework_status(
     framework_id: str,
     db: Session = Depends(get_db),
     current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user),
-):
+) -> dict:
     """Get compliance status for each control in a framework."""
     return get_framework_status(db, framework_id)
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def framework_report(
     framework_id: str,
     db: Session = Depends(get_db),
     current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user),
-):
+) -> dict:
     """Get the full compliance report (same as status but marked as report)."""
     return get_framework_status(db, framework_id)
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def framework_report_csv(
     framework_id: str,
     db: Session = Depends(get_db),
     current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user),
-):
+) -> StreamingResponse:
     """Export compliance report as CSV."""
     csv_bytes, filename = build_framework_report_csv(db, framework_id)
     return StreamingResponse(
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def framework_gaps(
     framework_id: str,
     db: Session = Depends(get_db),
     current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user),
-):
+) -> dict:
     """Get controls with techniques that are not adequately covered."""
     return get_framework_gaps(db, framework_id)
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def framework_gaps(
 def import_nist(
     db: Session = Depends(get_db),
     current_user: User = Depends(require_role("admin")),
-):
+) -> dict:
     """Import NIST 800-53 Rev 5 mappings (admin only)."""
     result = import_nist_800_53_mappings(db)
     return result
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ def import_nist(
 def import_cis(
     db: Session = Depends(get_db),
     current_user: User = Depends(require_role("admin")),
-):
+) -> dict:
     """Import CIS Controls v8 mappings (admin only)."""
     result = import_cis_controls_v8_mappings(db)
     return result