diff --git a/backend/alembic/versions/b025_add_unique_test_detection_result.py b/backend/alembic/versions/b025_add_unique_test_detection_result.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f5e431
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/alembic/versions/b025_add_unique_test_detection_result.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""add_unique_test_detection_result
+
+Enforce one evaluation per (test, detection_rule) pair.  Before creating
+the constraint, duplicate rows (if any) are collapsed so the migration
+never fails on an existing database.
+
+Revision ID: b025uqtdr
+Revises: b024critidx
+Create Date: 2026-02-18 14:00:00.000000
+
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+from alembic import op
+
+revision: str = "b025uqtdr"
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = "b024critidx"
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    # Remove duplicates keeping the most recently evaluated row
+    op.execute("""
+        DELETE FROM test_detection_results
+        WHERE id NOT IN (
+            SELECT DISTINCT ON (test_id, detection_rule_id) id
+            FROM test_detection_results
+            ORDER BY test_id, detection_rule_id, evaluated_at DESC NULLS LAST
+        )
+    """)
+
+    op.create_unique_constraint(
+        "uq_tdr_test_rule",
+        "test_detection_results",
+        ["test_id", "detection_rule_id"],
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_constraint("uq_tdr_test_rule", "test_detection_results", type_="unique")
diff --git a/backend/app/models/test_detection_result.py b/backend/app/models/test_detection_result.py
index d43aaef..2897bbf 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/test_detection_result.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/test_detection_result.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ rule as triggered / not triggered / not applicable, along with notes.
 import uuid
 from datetime import datetime
 
-from sqlalchemy import Column, String, Text, Boolean, DateTime, ForeignKey, Index
+from sqlalchemy import Column, String, Text, Boolean, DateTime, ForeignKey, Index, UniqueConstraint
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID
 from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
 
@@ -52,4 +52,5 @@ class TestDetectionResult(Base):
     __table_args__ = (
         Index('ix_tdr_test', 'test_id'),
         Index('ix_tdr_rule', 'detection_rule_id'),
+        UniqueConstraint('test_id', 'detection_rule_id', name='uq_tdr_test_rule'),
     )